Janus, the God of Doorways

Janus, God of Doorways
Looking forward, Looking back.  That is a new year's tradition. And so it will be for this blog. Stanford has arrived at the end of 1919, but because I started this blog in May, I am now going back to January 1919 to complete the diary for this year.

But for those of you who are wondering how Stanford will fare in 1920, I've created a new blog, Date Book 1920, where we will go forward, looking over Stanford Closson's shoulder as he continues to describe for us his daily life in early twentieth-century Schenectady, New York.

Join me there! 

Wednesday, December 31, 1919

Bright cool day. Up 7:30 A.M. Fooled around. Helped father etc. Candled eggs in A.M. and P.M. Down town on errands. Down to Y and bowled with H. H. and Dot Gallup. Up to church to social. Fine time. Up in steeple etc. Gang over to our house. Fooled around. Home with Doris. To bed 2:30 A.M.

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I guess there was a tradition to go up in the steeple to celebrate the new year. Makes sense, I guess. It sounds like Stanford's "gang" had a good time for New Year's Eve.

Tuesday, December 30, 1919

Overcast cool day. Up 10 A.M. Chored around. Played piano etc. Down town in P.M. on errands. Helped father clean cellar etc. To Palace Theatre at 7 P.M. with Doris Smith. Good picture and fine time. To bed 10:30 P.M. ><

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Too bad Stanford didn't say what movie they saw. It must have been a good one since he got a kiss out of it!

The Palace Theater is no longer standing, but it was apparently very popular in its time. Below is an article, published February 1, 1919 about how the number of seats were to be expanded that year:


The theater's popularity prompted the owners to add seats, the article goes on to say. Max Spiegel, the owner of The Palace, was an important Broadway director and producer early in the twentieth century. (He had a burlesque show in 1910 in which the comedian Fanny Brice appeared at the age of 19.) Below is a listing for Mr. Spiegel that was published in the 1918 edition of Directory of Directors in the City of New York. Notice that he is shown to be the President and Director of the Schenectady Palace Theatre Corporation.


Monday, December 29, 1919

Beautiful bright cold day. Up 9 A.M. Helped father off. Candled eggs 25 cases. Played piano etc. Skating in P.M. at Central Park with H.H. Fine time. Some progress. Bowled at Y.M.C.A. with Doris Smith, Lew Larkin, and Gertrude Anthony. Fine time. To bed 11:45 P.M. S.S.C. 157-160-126. D.W.S. 44-85-103.

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Again with the score comparisons! Poor Doris. Although perhaps like many a young woman of her time, she made sure she didn't beat her young man at any athletic contest. No way to know for sure.

I wonder where Stillman was "off" to?

I guess Stanford was still not very skilled at ice skating with his new shoe skates--at least that's what it seems like from his comment about "progress." Here is a 1922 photo of ice skating on Central Park pond:
The above picture was published in the book, Images of America: Schenectady. I guess the park had only been open for about a year when Stanford and Hanford were enjoying it.

Sunday, December 28, 1919

Beautiful bright cool day. Up 9 A.M. Chored around. Down to Hayes' room and studied S.S. lesson. To Church & S.S. Walked to car with D.W.S. Home to dinner. Out walking with Hayes. Took nap. To Epworth League. Home with Doris. To bed 10:30 P.M.

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Lest anyone think that Sunday School lessons were a haphazard or ad hoc affair left up to individual church congregations, I found this information on the internet that attests to the careful calculation that went into creating Sunday School lessons:
The General Conference of 1912 made it the duty of the Board of Sunday Schools to determine the curriculum for Methodist Sunday schools. In harmony with that action the Board created a "Standing Committee on Lesson Courses." The publishing agents, representatives of the Editorial Office, the chairman of the Lesson Course Committee and the corresponding secretary of the Board met on November 20, 1913, to consider lesson courses. They passed the following resolution:
In view of the fact that the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church has made it the duty of the Board of Sunday Schools to determine the lesson courses for our denomination, and since that Board is engaged in the preparation of such courses, it is the sense of the representatives that at the conclusion of the preparation of the present cycle of uniform lessons (1912-1917) the Methodist Church should assume full responsibility for the preparation of lesson courses to be used in its Sunday Schools. 
Concerning the future policy of our denomination, we express the desire and purpose to cooperate, so far as practicable, with all evangelical denominational agencies engaged in the preparation of lesson courses to the end that a curriculum may be created that will fully meet the demand for lessons in harmony with the progress being made in the field of religious education, especially as illustrated in the spirit of interdenominational cooperation expressed in the organization of the Sunday School Council of Evangelical Denominations, the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, and other representative movements.
These passages were taken from a website called Forgotten Books. The book is The History of the Sunday School Movement in the Methodist Episcopal Church, by Addie Grace Wardle, published in 1918. But such educational oversight continues today, as you can see at the official website for the Methodist Church's General Board of Discipleship.

Saturday, December 27, 1919

Bright cool day. Up 9 A.M. Helped father. Played piano etc. Over to church at 2:30 P.M. to practice for tableaux. Bowled at Y with some of gang. To Christmas entertainment at 7:30. Helped clean up. Fooled around. To bed 12 P.M.

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I'm not familiar with the term tableau, so I looked it up; it seems to refer to a Christmas play that consists mostly of people acting out the readings from the Bible about Christmas. There are many examples of such entertainments on YouTube. I recommend checking them out just to see what some churches are doing.

Friday, December 26, 1919

Nice winter's day. Up 8:30 A.M. Fooled around. Candled eggs. Went skating in P.M. with H.H. for first time with shoe skates obtained Christmas. Home 6 P.M. Bowled at Morse with H.H. and Finch. To church to rehearsal of Tableaus.  Talked at Church till 11:30. To bed 12 P.M.

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First shoe skates! It must have been fun for Stanford. Here is a 1919 ad for hosiery that pictures a young man and woman about to go skating:

The item is for sale on E-Bay.

Thursday, December 25, 1919

Up 5:50 A.M. To Christmas service at 6:30 A.M. Walked home with Doris Smith. Beautiful cold ideal Christmas day. Had presents. Walked around. Bowled at Morse. To Gertrude Anthony's to ride down hill. Fine time. To bed 12:15 P.M.

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So, Stanford went sledding with Gertrude Anthony! But he doesn't say he went with her specifically, only that he went to her house.  Hmmm . . .

Wednesday, December 24, 1919

Cloudy mild day with some snow. Up 8 A.M. Fooled around. Wrote in Diary. Helped father etc. Down town on business. Candled eggs. Took bath. To Palace in evening with Doris Smith. Good picture. To bed 10:00 P.M.

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I'm not sure where the Palace was, but it was undoubtedly a movie theater. Wish Stanford had told us what movie he watched!

Tuesday, December 23, 1919

Mild nasty day. To College 9 to 12:15 M. Candled eggs and fooled around. Down town on Christmas Shopping. Wrote post cards etc. Down to Post Office with mail. To bed 10 P.M. Thankful for friends, health, opportunities etc.

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I wonder if Stanford was sending Christmas post cards? That's something people don't do much anymore--now we send actual cards in envelopes. Here is a picture of a Christmas postcard that was sent in 1919:
Bluebird of Happiness Postcard from 1919 - for sale on Etsy last year

Monday, December 22, 1919

Mild pleasant bright day. To College 8-9, 11-12;30 and 1:30 - 3 P.M. Down town Christmas Shopping. Bowled at star. Over to church at night to help put platform up and rehearsal. To bed 11 P.M.

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Those days they continued the semester past Christmas, I think, so Stanford is still going to class the week of Christmas.  I guess there is to be a Christmas show or pageant of some kind at church that he's preparing for.

Sunday, December 21, 1919

Bright cool winter day. Up 9 A.M. Down to Hayes's room to study S.S. lesson. To S.S. Practised [sic]carol. To Gertrude Anthony's house after pines. Trimmed up room. To Epworth League. Walked around with Chamberlain & Wagner. To bed 9:30 P.M.

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The fellow named Chamberlain makes his first appearance here. Perhaps he showed up earlier in the diary (before May). Without a first name, it will be hard to pin him down.

I'm not sure why Stanford went to Gertrude Anthony's house at 11 Spruce Street to get pines, but it must have been because she had pine trees in her yard. That house no longer stands, and the pines are also long gone. Here is a picture, taken by Google, of what the area looks like these days:
11 Spruce Street, Schenectady

Saturday, December 20, 1919

Bright winter's day but milder. To College 9 to 11 A.M. Stayed to Chapel. Fooled around in P.M. Candled eggs. Took nap etc. To basketball game at night. Union-Colgate. Score 17-26. Watched dancing for a while. Down town. Fooled around. Watched Bowling. To bed 11 P.M.

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Well, let's face it--Union College was no sports powerhouse. I wonder what dancing Stanford refers to here? Did it have something to do with the basketball game?

I guess Stanford mis-remembered having gone to chapel that day and crossed it out once he thought about it.

Friday, December 19, 1919

Nice bright cold winter day. 12 degrees below zero. To college 8-9 and 1:30 to 2:30 P.M. Down town for Christmas shopping etc. Bowled with Church League at night 151-144-144. Folks to Uncle Henry's. To Owens room. To bed 1:45 A.M.

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I believe this is the first mention of Owens, so I don't know who he is. But it seems that Stanford had a very full day!

Thursday, December 18, 1919

Very cold bright winter day. 12 degrees below zero in A.M. To College 8 to 12:30 M. Down town in P.M. Bowled at Y. Did Christmas shopping. To Van Curler at night with Doris Smith. "The Lost Battalion." To bed 11 P.M.

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The film Stanford and Doris watched, The Lost Battalion, is the original of the 2001 remake of the same name starring Rick Schroder, but in the original, some of the actual soldiers of the lost battalion played themselves. Here is some information about it from Turner Classic Movies website:
Brief Synopsis
The men in the 308th Regiment's 77th Division, have been drafted from diverse ethnic, economic, and social groups in New York. Two men are fighting Chinatown tongs, one is a burglar, another is a wealthy merchant's son in love with his father's stenographer, who dreams of becoming the greatest movie actress, another is a private in love with the merchant's ward, and finally there is "the Kicker," who finds fault with everything. After training in Yaphank and in France, the 463 men advance under the command of Lt. Col. Charles W. Whittlesey into the "Pocket" of the Argonne Forest, to help break down the supposedly impregnable German defense. Cut off from Allied troops and supplies, and surrounded by the enemy, the Division, nicknamed "The Lost Battalion," withstands six days without food or water. When the German commander asks for their surrender, Whittlesey replies, "Tell them to go to hell!" The Chinese rivals fight bravely side-by-side, while the burglar dies heroically. After their rescue, the survivors are given a parade in New York, and are reunited with their families and sweethearts.
I wonder if Stanford and Doris enjoyed the movie? He doesn't say.
 

Wednesday, December 17, 1919

Beautiful bright cold day. To College 8-9 and 11-12:30 A.M. Home between classes in A.M. Fooled around. To Library in P.M. To work on debate. To Phi Gamma Delta house in evening to work on debate. Bowled at star in P.M. To bed 11 P.M. THANKFUL FOR HEALTH ETC.

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Another full, productive day for Stanford!

Tuesday, December 16, 1919

Cold bright winter day. To college 9 to 12 M. Candled eggs, studied, played piano etc. Up at Phi Gamma Delta at 8 to 10 P.M. to work on debate. Chewed rag etc. Little snow. To bed 10:30 P.M.

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Here's a postcard photo of the Phi Gamma Delta house at Union College, sent in 1909:

I wonder why Stanford always had to go to a fraternity house to work on a debate?

Monday, December 15, 1919

Cold bright winter windy day. To college 8 to 12:45 and 1:30 to 3:30 P.M. Down town. Bowled at star. Home. Over to church and thence up to Merris's. Birthday surprise party on him. Fine time. To bed 12:30 A.M.

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Aha! So it was a birthday gift for Mr. Merris! According to his WWI Registration, he turned 31 on 14 December 1919.

Sunday, December 14, 1919

About 5 inches of snow on ground. Fairly mild. Down to Hayes' room to study S.S. lesson. To church and S.S. Up to see Mrs. Rice's body. Up to Russell Norris's home to work on E.L. topic. Lead E.L. Talked afterwards. Walked home with Doris Smith. ><. Talked with Merlin. To bed 11 P.M.

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I have not been able to determine who Mrs. Rice was or why Stanford would visit her body. On a different topic, I wonder if Stanford talked with Merlin about Doris that night?

Saturday, December 13, 1919

Mild winter day with some rain. No snow on ground. To college 9 to 12:15 M. Fooled around. Down street with H.H., Merlin Finch and Russell Norris. Bought present for Merris. Bowled at Y. Union State College B.B. game 41-19. Down town. To bed 11 P.M.

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So, Stanford did some Christmas shopping? Or maybe it was Merris's birthday?

Friday, December 12, 1919

Mild cloudy damp day. To college 8-9, 11-12 and 1:30 to 2:30 P.M. Home between classes in A.M. Candled 25 cases eggs with S.T. and H.H. [Here Stanford drew a four cell square] Bowled with church league at Morse. Took 3 games off of First Baptist. 156-123 and 158.

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If this is the First Baptist Church of Scotia, then the Clossons are well acquainted with it. Here's a little of their history taken from the church's website:

History

Scotia was a typical country hamlet in the early 1830′s when a village blacksmith by the name of John Closson invited a Schenectady Baptist minister to visit his home and preach to a group of villagers who were without a church. Reverend Abram Dunn Gillette complied and on January 19, 1832, wrote in his diary: “A Blacksmith – Clawson – invited me to preach in Scotia, a small village across the Mohawk. I went to Mr. C’s house and preached to about twenty in the rooms and fifty in the door yard.” This really was the start of the founding of our church.

Thursday, December 11, 1919

Windy cool day. Up 7 A.M. To College 9 to 12:30 P.M. Studied etc. played piano etc. To Church at 6 P.M. Veritas class meeting and supper. Good supper and discussion. Chewed rag until 11:15 P.M. Bowled at star. To bed 12:30 P.M.

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Typical day for Stanford.

Wednesday, December 10, 1919

Overcast windy mild day. Some snow at night. To college 8-9 and 11 to 12:30. Home between classes in A.M. Fooled around in P.M. To Albany Theatre at night with Doris Smith. To bed 11 P.M.

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I've been trying to track down the Albany Theatre, but the best I could do was to find a theater in Albany that had started out as a Proctor's theater in 1899 but was eventually called Albany Theater. So I guess Stanford and Doris went to Albany to see a show.

Tuesday, December 9, 1919

Very rainy day. Up 6:15 A.M. Studied. To college 9 to 12:30. Took a nap in P.M. Down street. Home. Out in evening. Watched Church League bowl. To Hayes' room and talked. To bed 10:30 P.M.

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Wilber Hayes was evidently a very good friend of Stanford's. I learned some things about Mr. Hayes. He was born 19 January 1901 and died 24 October 1989 (according to SS Death Index).  In 1920, as I've stated in an earlier post, he was living in a rooming house, which is where Stanford visited him. They met in their church group, as far as I can tell.

By 1930, Wilber was married to Dorothy Ruth Fraser (Frazer), from Elizabeth, NJ and they had a daughter Beverly who was born in 1928. They lived at 1050 Garner Ave in Schenectady and Wilber (sometimes spelled Wilbur) was working as an electrical welder at a research lab. By 1940, they were living in Glenville and Wilber was working as a cable splicer for GE. Neither he nor his wife went to high school, according to the 1940 census.

I think it's wonderful the number and variety of friends Stanford had, from all walks of life. He was no snob, that's for sure.

Monday, December 8, 1919

Overcast very mild day. To college 8-9; 11-12 and 1:30 to 4 P.M. Home between 9-11 A.M. Chored around. Down town in P.M. Bowled at Morse Alleys. To football smoker in evening at Hannah Hall. Good time. To bed 11 P.M.

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Hannah Hall, located in Washburn Hall, was where theatrical productions were staged for many years. Here is an excerpt from the Union College Magazine about Hannah Hall and the theatrical group, the Mountebanks:
The Mountebanks performed in Hanna Hall for a number of years, and students took play production classes through the English Department. When Washburn Hall was slated for demolition in the early 1960s to make room for expansion of Schaffer Library, the theater moved to the now-vacated Nott Memorial, and a new era of theater began at Union.

Sunday, December 7, 1919

Some snow on ground. Wet under foot. Mild weather. Up 9 A.M. To Hayes' room. To church and S.S. Studied and took nap in P.M. To Epworth League. Walked home with D.W.S.  ><  Chewed rag with Finch. To bed 11:30 P.M.

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The two marks (><) made in the journal I think mean kiss. Doris must have consented to give him a kiss. Interesting. The symbol almost looks like an X.

Doris was born December 15, 1903 in Fall River, Massachusetts. Her father, James, was a school janitor, originally from England. Her mother was Clara Crankshaw.

If this is the right Doris, then she married an electrical engineer by the name of Leland F. Stone in October of 1923 in Schenectady. In 1920, he was still living in Massachusetts with his parents, George and Mary. George was a bank treasurer at the time.

By 1930, Doris and Leland were living in Clarkstown, NY and had two children, David and Jean. Leland was working as an electrical engineer for General Electric. Their property was worth $10,000. Doris did well for herself!

Interestingly, in 1940 Doris is listed as being a farmer, working her own farm, while her husband is still an electrical engineer for GE. Doris also has another child by this time, Jerold.

I tried in vain to find a picture of Doris, but I haven't given up yet.

Saturday, December 6, 1919

Cool fall day. Some snow in P.M. To college 10-11 A.M. Studied for exam. Condition exam in 3rd term English at 2 P.M. Down street. Down to Y with D.W.S. to bowl. All alleys full. Fooled around. To bed 11 P.M.

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So, he didn't bowl with Doris because the alleys were full. Then, he says, he (or perhaps they) "fooled around." I'm starting to get suspicious of this activity . . .

Friday, December 5, 1919

Nice day. Up 7 A.M. To College 8-9; 11-12; and 1:20 to 2:30. Home between classes in A.M. Studied and chored around. Candled eggs. To Star Alleys to bowl with Church League. Scores: [blank] Lost two games. Home 10:30. To bed 11 P.M.

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Couldn't remember the scores of the games of bowling, just that they lost two. Oh, well.

Thursday, December 4, 1919

Fair cool day. To College 9-12:30 M. Studied in P.M. Down street. Bowled at Star [drawing of star]. To Kappa Sigma Pi meeting in evening. To Star Alleys to watch bowling. Shot pool. Up after Ruth. To bed 11 P.M. Thankful.

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This is the first mention I've seen of Stanford's playing pool. He doesn't say where it was--perhaps at the Star Alleys--but in looking up pool halls in 1919 I came across a story of a billiards champion by the name of Frank Taberski, who was born in Amsterdam, NY and became a local legend by age 16. Here is an excerpt from an article about him by R. A. Dyer in the online magazine, Billiards Digest:
So first let's dispense with the background. Taberski, who was born on March 15, 1889, exhibited very early in his life a seriousness of purpose beyond that of most other boys. He began shooting pool at age 13 in his hometown of Amsterdam, New York, and by age 16 was already the Central New York champion. Taberski also drove a milk cart during these early years, and then built upon that 3 a.m. -to-noon job to create his own grocery business. At age 22 Taberski sold his business for $10,000, a princely sum, and invested in poolrooms. By 1916 he owned three of them.
Frank Taberski at work
As Mr. Dyer states,

From September of 1916 until January of 1918 [Taberski] was unbeatable. Taberski won the national championship during his first year as a professional - an unprecedented feat - and then emerged victorious in nine successive challenge matches. But he was undone by his own slowness. Fed up with Taberski's style of play, tournament promoters in 1918 began enforcing time limits. By speeding up the game, they slowed Taberski's rush to greatness - and ushered in the era of Greenleaf.
Apparently, one of the pool halls Frank built was in Schenectady. According to the Schenectady Historical Society's Grems-Doolittle Library Collection blog,
In the late 1920s, he opened his own bowling alley and pool hall at the intersection of Broadway and State Street in Schenectady. The building stood for forty years before burning down in the 1960s. Frank married a woman from Poland named Loretta, and together they had three sons. Taberski died on October 23, 1941 at the age of fifty-two.
In 1920, Frank Taberski lived at 25 Bridge Street and is listed in the 1920 census as being a Merchant at a Pool Place. He was married by then to Loretta; they had two sons, Frank Jr. and Harold.

Wednesday, December 3, 1919

Cool clear winter's day. Up 7 A.M. To College 8-9 A.M. Helped thaw out auto. Chored around. To College 11:12:15 M. Down street bought suits at Donahues. $45 for $40.60. Candled eggs. To Albany Theatre with D.W.S.

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Apparently, in 1919 cars didn't fare as well in winter as they do today. There was a lot more work involved in keeping cars from freezing in the cold months. I ran across an article in a 1919 publication, American Garage and Auto Dealer, entitled "Timely Cold Weather Precautions," which gives tips to the Garage owner on how to keep a car running in the winter.  People didn't use their cars in the winter very much back then, something which the writer hopes will change. Here is an excerpt from the article:

One of the topics in the article is how to effectively thaw out the radiator. It's not clear which parts of the auto Stanford had to help thaw, but the radiator could have been one of them.

Tuesday, December 2, 1919

Pleasant cold winter day. To College 9-12 M. Chored around etc. Candled eggs. To Classical Club meeting at night at Dr. Kellogg's home 8:30 to 10:30 P.M. Freedman spoke on "Greek Women." To bed 11 P.M.

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Dr. Kellogg was George Dwight Kellogg, a professor of classics at Union who was first hired there in 1911.

Below is a biography of Dr. Kellogg from the Biographical Dictionary of North American Classicists, published in 1994:

I also ran across the obituary for his son, George Dwight Kellogg Jr., taken from the New York Times. Junior was also a teacher.




Monday, December 1, 1919

Bright cool fall day. Up 7 A.M. To College 8-9; 11:12 A.M. Chem Lab 1:30 to 3:30 P.M. Downstreet. Bowled at star alleys. To Public Library. Watched bowling at Morse Alleys. To bed 10 P.M. Thankful.

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Here is a photo of a Chemistry Lab at Oregon State University in 1911-1912. I took it from the OSU website: Library Special Collections.

Sunday, November 30, 1919

Beautiful bright fall day. Quite windy. Down to Hayes' room. Out walking. To Church and S.S. Out walking in P.M. Bunch of us up Finch's house for supper. To E.L. & Church. With Doris Smith. To bed 11:30 P.M.

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Finch's house was at 414 Mumford Street in Schenectady, a single family home that was right next to a school, Washington Irving School. It was built in 1908 as Mumford Street School, was renamed Washington Irving School in 1911, and in 1922 was expanded. During all this time the population of Schenectady increased (100% between 1900 and 1910), due in part to increased immigration, and with the newcomers came school children and the need for ever larger schools. The school is in the upper right portion of the first photo. The third photo shows the school's central portion and probably the original building.

414 Mumford Street and its neighbors, 412 and 410 are now part of that school's parking lot, but the houses across the street still stand. Below is a picture of Finch's neighborhood the way it looks now. On the right is the parking lot where 414 Mumford Street stood; on the left are houses which were built by 1920. At the time, 411 & 413 Mumford Street were multiple family houses and still are, according to Zillow.
Merlin Finch's Neighborhood

411 (left) and 413 Mumford Street


Washington Irving School

Saturday, November 29, 1919

Mild fall day with some rain in P.M. Up 9:30 A.M. Down town. Bought shoes etc. Took nap in P.M. Candled eggs etc. Down town at night to bowl with Ruth, Wilber Hayes, Hanford and Dot Gallup. To bed 11 P.M. Thankful for health, education, friends etc.

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I guess bowling was pretty popular in those days!

Friday, November 28, 1919

Cool fall day. Out on business with Father till noon. Out on hike in P.M. H.H., Lew Larkin, Merlin Finch, Russell Norris and I! At end of Campbell Ave [something] line. Fine time. Bowled game and a half with Church league. HHes 131 Me 191.

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I couldn't figure out what word Stanford was writing in that space I've indicated with the brackets. It looks like car, but then that doesn't make sense to me--car line? What's that? There is currently a nature trail on Campbell Road as well as a park, but I don't know if either were there then. It could refer to a railroad line, I guess.

Any readers have a clue? Please advise.

Thursday, November 27, 1919

Beautiful bright day. Thanksgiving. To early morning service with D.W.S. Out after John, Gertie, Ed and Leila. Uncle Charlie also to dinner. Walking with Finch and Norris. Bowled at Y. To social at night at church. Fine time. Home with D.W. Smith.

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A busy day for our Stanford! Below is an interesting cover from Life magazine for their 1919 Thanksgiving issue:

 And a prayer from 1919:

Wednesday, November 26, 1919

Cold wet day. Trees covered with ice. To College 11-12. Bolted French at 8 A.M. Took nap in P.M. Candled eggs etc. To Albany Theatre at night with Doris Smith. "Broken Blossoms." Fine. Home. To bed 11:15 P.M. Thankful for health, friends, parents etc.

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This is one of the few times Stanford mentions the name of the movie he saw. This one, Broken Blossoms, or The Yellow Man and the Girl, is an adaptation of a short story by a British writer, Thomas Burke. Released in 1919, Broken Blossoms was directed and produced by none other than D.W. Griffith and starred the beautiful Lillian Gish. Richard Barthelmess played the yellow man, a role that made him a silent film star. There was one Chinese actor in the film--Moon Kwan, who must have been a well-known Chinese director, having directed 51 Chinese films, working until 1987 when he was 93.  Donald Crisp played Battling Burrows, the girl's abusive father. Unlike Mr. Barthelmess, Donald Crisp made a successful transition to talkies, appearing in films for 44 more years.

Here is the IMDB site for the film: Broken Blossoms. It is set in London. One convenience of silent film, it seems, is that none of the actors had to fake a British accent.

There is a video available of the film, in case you're interested in seeing what Stanford and Doris saw. It's available from the Library of Congress at this address: Broken Blossoms. There's no music with it, though, something that makes me realize how much such accompaniment added to the enjoyment of a silent film, since music let the audience know what emotions they were supposed to be feeling.

I wonder if "bolted" meant cut class? I can't picture our upright Stanford missing class! He must have been very tired . . .

I couldn't find an Albany Theater in Schenectady at that time. Maybe it was in Albany? It's not clear.

Tuesday, November 25, 1919

Cool fall day. No rain or snow. To college 8 to 12 M. Lost debate on Philippines question. Took nap in P.M. Wrote in diary for week etc. Down to Hayes' room. Out walking. Over to Church. Home with Doris Smith.

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I guess sometimes Stanford has to catch up on his diary writing! Well, at least now we know what the debate was on. I wonder what side Stanford argued?  More to the point, what was the "question"?

Monday, November 24, 1919

Fair in A.M. Snow and rain in P.M. Father home 8:10 A.M. To college 8-9; 11-12; 1:30-3:15. Candled eggs in A.M. and P.M. To library in evening to work on debate. Home. To bed 10 P.M. Thankful for home, parents etc.

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Another debate, eh? No topic or title mentioned. Oh, well. I wonder if Stanford had to go to the library to get away from candling eggs? Hmmm.

Sunday, November 23, 1919

Cool wet day. Some rain and some snow but not enough to accumulate. Down to Hayes's room and waited for him to get ready. To S.S. To Win My Chum meeting in P.M. at our church. Over to city mission. Home. To Trinity Church with Doris Smith in P.M. To bed 10:30 P.M.

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I was disappointed to see that Stanford never even mentioned that it was his 19th birthday. I wonder why? Did they not celebrate their birthdays in that family?

Never having before heard of this "Win My Chum" phenomenon (and not even sure I was reading it correctly), I did some investigating and lo and behold such a thing did exist! It was a particular Epworth League event designed to get more young people involved in the church, apparently. I'm still not sure what happened at the meeting, though.

Here is a part of an article that appeared in the November 25, 1920 Christian Advocate in which there is praise for the annual Win-My-Chum Week:

Saturday, November 22, 1919

Cool damp day with some rain in A.M. and evening. To college 9-11 A.M. Candled and delivered eggs. Frosh peerade [sic] in P.M. Union R.P.I. football game. Union outplayed all the way through but failed to score. To Van Curler at nite with D.W.S.

**********
I think Stanford is trying to be funny by calling the Freshman parade a pee-rade. It's customary for upperclassmen to look down upon freshmen, after all. The parade must have had something to do with the football game that Union lost.  This was not an unusual occurrence, apparently. I'm not sure if Stanford is saying that Union was the team outplayed or did the outplaying, but in any case, they "failed to score." Ah, well. More questions that will never be answered.

However, I did learn that Union and RPI were and continue to be big rivals. Their football game is a major event each year, at least according to one person commenting on his YouTube video of the final minutes of the 2012 contest:
Published on Nov 10, 2012
This is usually the biggest game for each team each year. They've been at it for 110 years. This one was a barn burner. RPI was down by 8 with less than a minute to go...you can watch the video to see what happens. Shot with a Sony HX5V. Played on November 10, 2012
Here is a link to the video if you're interested: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmagIZajY-o

As testament to the rivalry between the teams, there is a collection of football programs available on the RPI site (The Art of Football) that includes many from Union-RPI games over the years.  Below are a couple of them. The first is from 1916; the second is from 1959, though it looks older. I'm not sure what year that program's drawing is meant to depict, but the '86 Field was the field paid for by the class of 1886 and was first used in 1906.

Friday, November 21, 1919

Cool overcast autumn day. To college 9-8 [sic]; 11:12 A.M. and 1:30 to 2:30 P.M. Filled orders between classes in A.M. Deliveries in P.M. To Mission Study Class in evening with Ruth. Good class. Took bath. To bed 9:30 P.M.

**********
It seems as though Ruth is now home and so probably working in the Schenectady schools as a music teacher. Stanford doesn't mention that, though. This is the first I've read of his "filling orders." I wonder what that consisted of?

It's interesting what Stanford leaves out in his daily accounts.  He hardly ever expresses his thoughts or feelings on any subject, though he occasionally declares an experience to be "fine" or as in the above entry, "good" or (much more seldom) poor in some way. I wonder what was so significant about what he choose to record? Or perhaps he was just putting down what he most wanted to remember. I guess we'll never know.

Thursday, November 20, 1919

Very bright cold fall day. To College 7:45 to 12 M. Out on route in P.M. to Mt. Pleasant. Quite chilly. To Burnt Hills to chicken supper at Baptist church. Dot Gallup, Finch and Doris along. Fine time. Rode all around town and country. Big crowd at supper. To bed 11:15 P.M.

**********
Mt. Pleasant is a neighborhood of Schenectady, apparently. I didn't know this. I guess Stanford liked to go for rides like I and my husband and other members of our family do.  Is this hereditary or just something that humans like to do?

Wednesday, November 19, 1919

Fair cool typical autumn day. To college 8:9; 11:12 A.M. Candled eggs. Took nap in P.M. Greased both autos etc. To Armory for last drill under N.Y.S. law. Home. To bed 10 P.M.

**********
So, apparently there was a limit to how many years of ROTC Stanford had to endure. Since he was a junior that fall, I'm guessing the limit was two years.

An interesting fact about the Morrill Act which created land-grant colleges: the act was amended in 1861 by a Vermont congressman who wanted to add military training to the requirement that the land-grant schools teach agriculture and mechanics. It passed because many of the opposing lawmakers were from states that had seceded. Lincoln signed it into law July 2, 1862.

Tuesday, November 18, 1919

Beautiful bright November day. To College 7:45 to 12 M. Snoozed in P.M. Studied. Candled eggs. Played piano etc. Over to Church at night. Bowled with Church League 198-161-145. Father left on 8:51 train for Detroit Y.M.C.A Convention.

**********
Stanford sure was a good bowler. His father took the New York Central RR train, probably, then hooked up with the Michigan Central when he got to Michigan. I wonder how long of a trip it was?

The YMCA Convention mentioned by Stanford was an International Convention, held in Detroit. I haven't been able to learn much about what events of importance may have occurred during that convention, but it was one which Stillman must have felt was worth attending.

Monday, November 17, 1919

Fair autumn day. To college 8 to 12 and 1:30 to 3:30 P.M. Over at Star Alleys and bowled. Down town and bought several articles. Home in evening. Studied. Candled eggs, played etc. To bed 9:30 P.M. Thankful for health, friends etc.

**********
A run-of-the-mill day for Stanford, though I must say he sure packs a lot of activity into them!

Sunday, November 16, 1919

Up 9 A.M. Beautiful bright day. To church and Sunday School. Hanford up 2 P.M. Took nap. Out for walk with Hayes. To Epworth League. Union College Gospel team lead. Fine meeting. Walked home D.W.S. To bed 11 P.M.

**********
Do I detect a smug little jab at Hanford for sleeping until 2 P.M. and missing church? Hmmmm.

I tried to find out something about the Gospel team but was unable to find anything but the most current information about the Heavenly Voices Gospel Choir, which still exists at Union.

Saturday, November 15, 1919

Cold fair all day. Started for Clinton 8:30 A.M. by bus. 5 buses went. Broke spring etc. Arrived at Clinton 2:30 P.M. Union played fine game but got trimmed 6-0. Started from Clinton 7:30 P.M. and Utica 9:30 P.M. Cold trip. Fine time. To bed 4:30 A.M.

**********
So here we have the trip to Hamilton College described briefly.  Clinton, NY is about 90 miles west of Schenectady. It sounds like their return trip (2+ hours) was much faster than their trip out there (6 hours), no doubt because on the way back there were no mechanical problems.

Stanford uses etc. to summarize a great many details throughout his diary. I sure do wonder what else is covered by the etc. that went with broke spring.

I can only guess that the game they played was football, and that the Hamilton team won by a touchdown. Must have been a close game, worthy of Stanford's declaration that "Union played fine game," but then it was one of only three games (out of 8) Hamilton won that year, so the two teams were probably pretty evenly matched.

Friday, November 14, 1919

Most beautiful bright fall day. To college 8:9; 11-12; 1:30 to 2:30 P.M. Took short nap. Helped wash auto etc. Chored around. Up after Doris. Took her down to Proctors to meet Hayes and Anthony. Bowled with church League 145-169-135. Met after Proctors 11 P.M. Ate. Walked home. To bed 1 A.M.

**********
As you may remember, Proctor's is a movie/vaudeville theater in town. Anthony is probably Gertrude Anthony, whom I identified (tentatively) in the June 29th post. She must have been a friend of Doris's because that is whom she was with at the Epworth League meeting in June. Perhaps Wilber Hayes was dating Gertrude? (See May 11th post for info about Wilber.)

Thursday, November 13, 1919

Fair cold autumn day. To college 7:45 to 12 M. Long chapel exercises to make arrangements for Hamilton trip. Helped candle 25 cases eggs. Studied. Down to Hayes' room. Walked around. Took bath. To bed 10 P.M.

**********
After some puzzlement over what Stanford meant by Hamilton trip, I looked ahead a couple days in the journal, did a bit of research on the internet, and determined that the trip was to Hamilton College in Clinton. Apparently five busloads of students went to what was a game of some sort (probably football, though Stanford doesn't say).

I looked up Hamilton College, still going strong today as an expensive liberal arts college in Clinton, NY. It's a very attractive school with a long history, having been planned as an academy in 1793 by a missionary to the Oneida Nation, Samuel Kirkland, with the goal of educating the children of the Oneida as well as the children of New York settlers recently migrated from New England. The list of people involved in the school's origins is impressive, as shown by this excerpt from Hamilton College's history, taken from their website:
In 1793 the missionary presented his proposal to President George Washington in Philadelphia, who "expressed approbation," and to Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, who consented to be a trustee of the new school, to which he also lent his name. The Hamilton-Oneida Academy was chartered soon thereafter. On July 1, 1794, in colorful ceremonies attended by a delegation of Oneida Indians, the cornerstone was laid by Baron von Steuben, inspector general of the Continental Army and "drillmaster" of Washington's troops during the War for Independence.
The school celebrated its bicentennial last year, having been opened as a institute of higher education in 1812.

Hamilton's athletic director (and football coach) in 1919 was Albert I. Prettyman, whose main claim to fame was bringing ice hockey to the Utica area and Hamilton College in 1917. He coached the football team from 1917-1920; his record was 11-10-3. What is most interesting about Coach Prettyman, though, in my estimation, is the fact that he coached the U.S. ice hockey team in the 1936 Winter Olympics.  Here is a fascinating little story about that event, taken from the Hamilton Alumni Review:
Hamilton's hockey coach, Albert I. Prettyman, had charge of the ice hockey team that represented the United States in the 1936 Winter Olympics held in Germany. When the regular goalie for the team fell ill, Fran Baker, the Continentals' first-string goalie, was invited at the last minute to join the squad as a reserve player. He accompanied Coach Prettyman (who had become a kind of father-figure to him) to Garmisch-Partenkirchen and, as luck would have it, the United States drew the host country as its first-round opponent. Before the game was played, however, Germany's leader, Adolf Hitler, asked to speak with a member of the U.S. team, and Fran, who had studied German at Hamilton, was asked to do the translating. When the Nazi dictator boastfully assured the two Americans that their team would lose to Germany, Fran summoned up his courage and best German to forcefully assert that there would be no such outcome. On the contrary, "The United States will always defeat Germany."

The game, played in a blinding snowstorm, was close, but the result was a 1-0 victory for the U.S.A. The American team went on to reach the medal round, in which Great Britain captured the gold, Canada the silver, and the United States the bronze. Ironically, Fran Baker never took to the ice because the regular goalie had recovered from his illness and was able to play after all. However as a member of the squad, Fran was awarded the bronze medal along with his teammates, becoming the only Hamiltonian ever to have taken home an Olympic medal.
Little did Stanford know he would be witnessing a future Olympic coach at work when he attended the game! More on the trip is forthcoming in the November 15th post.

Wednesday, November 12, 1919

Mild rainy day. To college 8-9, 11-12. Home in A. M. Chored around. Took nap after dinner. Down town. Bowled at star alleys. Studied. Drilled at armory 8:9:30 P.M. Down to Morse Alleys to watch bowling. To bed 11 P.M.

**********
Lots of bowling this day! It doesn't sound like Stanford had to do much studying. He was bright, after all.

Tuesday, November 11, 1919

ARMISTICE DAY. Rain in A.M. and wet most of day. To college 7:45 to 10:45 A.M. Marched in parade with Union College student body. Took nap in P.M. Candled eggs. Cleaned shoes, shaved etc. Phi Beta Pi & Kappa Epsilon Pi from our church entertained Phi Beta Pi & Kappa Sigma Pi from Albany St. Church. Fine time. Home with Doris Smith. To bed 1 A.M.

**********
This was the first anniversary of the first Armistice Day, now known as Veterans' Day. That the college marched in the parade is interesting.  Also interesting is the entertainment between religious fraternities; that confirms my suspicion that Phi Beta Pi was a religious organization like Kappa Sigma Pi. I wonder what kind of entertainment it was?

Monday, November 10, 1919

Fair autumn day. To college 8 to 3:30 P.M. Chemistry laboratory in P.M. Home. Fooled around. Candled eggs. Over to church to help make arrangements for social. Down to Quinn's after Hot chocolate. Home with Doris Smith.

**********
Quinn's, I discovered from a publication of the time, was a drug store in Schenectady.  Here is a story that appeared in a drug store trade journal (National Drug Clerk) about marketing for the upcoming Christmas season, with its example of an effective ad from Quinn's Drug Store in Schenectady:



 You can see that "Schenectady Husbands" are the target of the ad from Quinn's proclaiming their fine hair brushes and combs.

Also interesting is the reference in the above article to "fattened purses" due to "enormous salary increases," a feature of the soon-to-be-roaring twenties that eventually brought about the stock market crash ten years later.

Sunday, November 9, 1919

Cool autumn day. Heavy frost at night. Studied S.S. lesson. Down after Hayes. To church and S. S. Dinner. Out walking in P.M. with Finch, Hayes, H.H. and Merris. To Epworth League. Out to Dorothea Reynolds home to supper. Finch and D. Gallup along. To bed 11 P.M.

**********
I wonder if the lesson Stanford is studying is one he taught? By this time he should be teaching Sunday School rather than merely attending, it seems to me.

Saturday, November 8, 1919

Typical beautiful autumn day. To college 7:45 to 11. Home. Candled eggs. To Union-N.Y.U. football game. Union got trimmed 17-6. Down town. Bowled at Morse. Home. Took bath etc. To Union College gym at nite with Doris Smith. Dramatic Club presented plays. Good. To bed 11:15 P.M.

**********
The Dramatic Club was also known as the Mountebanks. Here is some information about them, taken from the Union College website:
The word "Mountebank" literally means "mount-on-bench" and dates back to sixteenth-century Italy. It describes a traveler who, from a bench or platform, entertains his audience with stories, tricks, and songs in hopes that they might purchase pills, balsams, charms, and quick medicines. Traditionally, a Mountebank wanders, and Union's Mountebanks have often traveled from space to space, performing wherever they might find a spot, whether it was in the lunchroom or Jackson's Garden.
Founded in 1912, the Mountebanks claim to be the oldest continually-operating student theater organization in the country. Student theater actually began at Union in 1801 when a group of students petitioned the Board of Trustees for "permission to present a tragedy or comedy in College Hall," located at the corner of Erie Boulevard and Union Street. There is no record if the play was ever produced.
One of the spots the Mountebanks found to perform, apparently, was the college gym. I wonder if the acoustics were any good?

Here is a photo of a play, X=O, that the group produced in 1929. Looks a little strange.

Friday, November 7, 1919

Beautiful autumn day. Few flakes of snow in A.M. To college 8-9; 11-12; 11:30-2:30 P.M. Down town. Bowled at star with H.H. Fooled around. Over to Mission Study class at nite. Also committee meeting. Home with D.W.S.

**********
Spending quite a lot of time with young Doris, hmmmm?

Thursday, November 6, 1919

Fair cool windy autumn day. To college 8 to 12 M. Chemistry test. Delivered eggs etc. To country place with Father and H.H. Cleaned up leaves out of yard etc. Football smoker at 8 P.M. Down town. To bed 11:15 P.M.

**********
A football smoker is an old college tradition, I discovered. Here is a description of it from the University of Michigan historical website:
Smokers were social events that became popular in American universities at the beginning of the 20th Century, specifically among male students. One of the first smokers recorded at the University of Michigan was organized by the Senior Class of 1901. Soon other students from other classes and from the various schools and colleges at the university would hold their own Smokers. Throughout the year a number of these events would take place; the Sophomore Smoker, the Senior Football Smoker, the Architectural Smoker, the Senior Pharmic Class Smoker, and the Michigan Union Smoker, among others.
The 1915 Michiganensian included this description of the Union Smoker:  "Each year, immediately after the close of the football season, members of the Union hold a mammoth smoker in the combined gymnasiums, in honor of the football team. This function has become a well-grounded institution in University life, and its popularity is made evident from the number that must be refused admission every year, because of the limit placed by the Board of Regents on the number allowed in Waterman Gymnasium. The annual smoker held last fall was attended by a full capacity of fifteen hundred men. It was undeniably the 'peppiest' smoker of all." 

Wednesday, November 5, 1919

Rainy wet cool fall day. To college 7:45 to 9 and 11-12. Home from 9-11. Chored around. Down town in P.M. Took camera for repair. Ruth washed my hair. Took nap. Studied etc. Played piano. To armory for drill 8-9:30 P.M. Walked around with Hayes & H.H. To bed 10:15 P.M.

**********
I wonder if this was the camera that took that picture of the twins in their ROTC outfits? (See October 4th post.)

He doesn't say what kind of camera it was, but it could have been a folding Brownie like this one:
I obtained this picture from the website The Brownie Camera Page.

Tuesday, November 4, 1919

Fair cool autumn day. Up 8:30 A.M. Election day. No college. Up to Ed & Leila's to dinner. Took Uncle John & Aunt Gertie along. Helped husk corn. Fine time. Home 5:30 P.M. Candled eggs. Bowled with Church League 142-123-165. LUNN elected.

**********
Lunn was Dr. George R. Lunn, a Presbyterian (also Dutch Reformed) minister who served in various public offices over the course of his life. In 1919 he was elected Mayor of Schenectady for the third time (the first was from 1911-13; second from 1915-17) after a two-year stint as a U.S. Congressman. Following his final term as mayor, in 1923 Dr. Lunn was elected Lieutenant Governor of New York, serving one year.

He was also a war veteran, a socialist, and an advocate for workers' rights. Dr. Lunn figured prominently in works by Kenneth E. Hendrickson, a historian who wrote about socialism in Schenectady.

Below is Dr. Lunn's picture. I think he was an interesting and handsome man. I wonder what Stanford thought of him?

George R. Lunn, D. Div, 1873-1948
I took the above information and picture from the Wikepedia article about him at this address:  George R. Lunn.

Monday, November 3, 1919

Beautiful bright fall cool day. To college 8-9; 11-12; 1:30 to 4:15 P.M. Down town in P.M. Bowled at star alleys. Looked around and traded. To church to E.L. [Epworth League] business meeting. Home with Doris Smith. To bed 11 P.M.

**********
I'm not sure what Stanford means by trade here. He might just be referring to shopping--trading money for goods. Or he might be talking about something more specific having to do with the butter and egg business--trading with merchants for goods in exchange for butter or eggs. Hard to say.

Sunday, November 2, 1919

Fair fall day, cool and windy. To E.L. committee meeting 11 A.M. To S. S. Out walking to Dorothea Reynolds house with H. H., Merlin Finch and Russel Norris. Ruth out on car. Fooled around etc. Light refreshments. To Epworth League. Home with Doris Smith. To bed 11 P.M.

**********
At last we have a first name for the mysterious Mr. Norris!  So I was able to find him in the census and other records. In 1915 he was living with his parents, George M. and Anna L. Norris. He had a brother Charles Dotter (half brother?). They lived at 613 Chapel Street in Schenectady. George was a Machinist.  In 1920 the Norrises lived on 68 Schenectady Street and Mr. Norris worked as a machinist at GE.  Russell was at that time a patternmaker at GE.  This must have been how he knew Merlin Finch--they were patternmakers together.

By 1930, however, Russell Norris was a teacher of Industrial Arts in the public schools of Endicott, NY, though he had no college degree (at least not according to the 1940 census).Endicott is about 132 miles southwest of Schenectady. Interesting that Russell and Merlin ended up in the same career once again. Russell was also married by this time. Nora was his wife's name; they had a baby, Russell Jr.  He and Nora and their son Russell continued to live in the Endicott-Binghamton area for the rest of their lives.  Russell continued as a teacher, but their son Russell Jr. became a mechanical engineer for IBM.  Russell Jr. was apparently a conservative fellow, in later years very active in the politics of his community. Here is an article that appeared in the Binghamton Press, January 9, 1964:

Junior was a big supporter of Goldwater that year, according to an earlier article. In fact, their pictures appeared side by side in the paper:

Russell Sr. was born 22 January 1901 in Carbondale, PA.  He died in Endicott February 1980.  His son Russell Jr. was born 23 November 1929 (Stanford's 29th birthday) and died June 29, 2006.  He served in the Korean War. Here's his obituary.

He had a big family, apparently, and was a successful man. It sounds like they had a good life.

Saturday, November 1, 1919

Damp mild disagreeable day. Rain at night. To college 7:45 to 11. Fooled around. Took nap in P.M. Helped candle eggs. To college at night to hear lecture on Burns with H.H. & Wilber Hayes. Fooled around church. To bed 11:30 P.M.

**********
I'm concerned about this growing trend of fooling around! Stanford speaks of it almost daily now. Tsk, tsk! What will become of him?

I'm not sure what this lecture on Burns might be about, unless it's about burns (with a small letter) rather than someone by the name of Burns. If it is about the injury of burns, it would certainly be a pertinent topic in 1919 after veterans of WWI returned with terrible injuries, many of them burns caused by the chemical weapons used in that war. Another reason burns might have been of real interest, especially in an industrial town like Schenectady, was the concern over industrial accidents that might result in burns.

On the other hand, this being November of 1919 and the World Series that was to go down in history as the Black Sox Scandal recently concluded, and since one of the principal players involved in that scandal was Billy Burns, it's possible the lecture was on that topic. 
Bill Burns
But since Stanford makes no mention of the series or the scandal in any earlier entry, it's unlikely that he was referring to the disgraced baseball player. 

What other Burns is possible? Well, perhaps Robert Burns, the poet, is meant.

I guess we'll never know. Alas!

Friday, October 31, 1919

Wet mild muggy rainy day. To college 7:45 to 2:00 P.M. Down town on errands. Bowled at [drawing of a star]. Over to church fooled around. Lots of people on street at night. Out to Dorothea Reynolds house. Fooled around. Dot Gallup & Finch along. To bed 2 A.M. Union-Columbia football game score 0-0.

**********
Well, a tie is better than a loss, I guess. I wonder if Stanford attended the game? 

Thursday, October 30, 1919

Cool wet damp muggy day. To college 9 to 12 M. Fooled around in P.M. Candled eggs, played piano etc. Over to social at church at night. Down after Wilber Hayes. Fine time. Hallowe'en decorations. Home with Doris Smith. To bed 12:30 P.M.

**********
On the internet, I found a page from the Ladies Home Journal, October 1919 issue that shows various ways of decorating your house for Halloween festivities. Perhaps Stanford's house was festooned with some version of these:


My favorite is the cat's face in the fireplace!

Wednesday, October 29, 1919

Most wonderful autumn day. To College 7:45 to 12 M. Fooled around. Played tennis with Doris Smith in P.M. Won 6-2, 6-4. Helped trim for social. Drilled at armory. To bed 10:30 P.M.

**********
Once again we seem to have a triumphant declaration of beating Doris at tennis. I guess he didn't believe in letting the girl win!

Tuesday, October 28, 1919

Fair autumn day. To college 9 to 12 M. Some rain in A.M. Trimmed H.H. on debate on Immigration question. Up to Uncle John's in P.M. Very windy. Bowled with church league at nite 186-152-172. To bed 11 P.M.

**********
Hmmm . . . I guess there was more than one debate. It must have been a class exercise of some sort. I would love to have read what Stanford had to say on immigration.

Monday, October 27, 1919

Fair fall day. Some rain during day. To College 8 to 3 P.M. Fooled around. Studied. Bowled at star. Worked on debate. Up to Library and Delta Phi house. To bed 10:30 P.M. Thankful for health, home, etc. / etc. /

**********
Alpha Delta Phi is the chapter of Delta Phi that was founded at Union College.  Here is a picture of the fraternity's house as it appeared around 1913 (taken from the Union College website):

Alpha Delta Phi, circa 1913

Sunday, October 26, 1919

Rainy day. Down after Hayes. To Church and S.S. [Sunday School]. Merlin Finch here in P.M. Chewed the rag. Down to Hayes room. To Epworth League. Walked around with Dot Gallup, H.H. and Ruth. To bed 10:30 P.M.

**********
Chewed the rag is an expression people don't hear much anymore. I used to hear chew the fat quite often when I was young, but not often now. I looked on the internet for a theory of the expression's origin, but was unable to come up with anything conclusive. One person said he'd heard it refers to soldiers talking while chewing pieces of cloth to be used for wadding in their rifles, but someone else doubted a person could talk very well with cloth wads in his mouth.  One website speculated that it meant whatever you were talking about was trivial, in the way that fat or a rag is non-nutritious food (or not food at all).

In any case, I think it's remarkable how little slang Stanford uses in his diary. Most of the entries could easily be mistaken for contemporary writing. Only when we hear a word or phrase like chored around or punk do we remember that it's been almost 100 years since Stanford wrote these daily narratives.

Saturday, October 25, 1919

Beautiful bright ideal fall day with some rain at night. To college 8 to 12 M. To public library in P.M. to work on debate etc. Down town. Bowled at Y etc. To bed 10 P.M. old time.

**********
With the phrase "10 P.M. old time," Stanford refers to the last night of Daylight Savings Time before returning to Standard Time on the last Sunday of October. In March of 1918, Daylight Savings Time began officially for the first time in the United States (Stanford marks it on Sunday, 30 March 1919 with the statement "Set clocks ahead"), but was repealed in 1919. Here is an excerpt from an article on the subject that appears on the WebExhibits website:
Daylight Saving Time was observed for seven months in 1918 and 1919. After the War ended, the law proved so unpopular (mostly because people rose earlier and went to bed earlier than people do today) that it was repealed in 1919 with a Congressional override of President Wilson's veto. Daylight Saving Time became a local option, and was continued in a few states, such as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and in some cities, such as New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago.

Friday, October 24, 1919

Overcast mild fall day. To college 7:45 to 12 M. 1:30 to 2:30 P.M. Candled eggs etc. To Glenville Corners at night to Chicken Supper. Dorothy Gallup along. Fine time. Rode around town out to Rotterdam etc. To bed 11:45 P.M.

**********
There was a Dorothy Gallup who lived at 12 Altamont Avenue in Rotterdam with her parents, Percy and Chastella and her brother Elbert. In 1920 Dorothy was 18 years old and working for a Garage as a Stenographer. She didn't finish high school (according to the 1940 census). Her father was a Hot Foreman for a Blacksmith. The foreman, according to The Blacksmith's Journal, a book published in 1920, was in charge of a forging operation in a factory.

In 1910, Dorothy's family lived in Glenville, where her father was a foreman at the Locomotive Works. She had a brother William at that time, but in 1920, there is no William. He would have been about 11 by then. In 1900, the Gallups had been married two years and had already lost one child. It would be sad if they then lost William later on.

In 1924, Dorothy married Earl Havens in Bennington, VT where she was living at the time. I don't know why she was living in Vermont, but by 1925 she and her husband were back in Schenectady, and by 1930 they had two daughters and were living in Niksayuna. Her husband was a car salesman. Maybe that's where she met Earl--he sold cars at the Garage where she worked. She was still living in the same place in 1940. Her husband died in 1950, but she lived to 1984, still residing in Schenectady.

I wonder if her daughters would like to know she was mentioned in Stanford's diary?

Thursday, October 23, 1919

Fair mild autumn day. To college 8 to 12 M. Up to Delta Phi house to work on debate with Harry Reonce. Candled eggs. Chored around etc. Out walking to Scotia etc. with Wilber Hayes & H.H. To bed 10:30 P.M.

**********
I still don't know who this Harry Reonce or Reond is. Ah well, Stanford had a debate with him, anyway.

I learned from Wikipedia that the early Latin societies, as they were first known, engaged in debate as one of their literary exercises. Apparently the fraternities that grew out of those societies, one of them Delta Phi (founded in November 1827), continued that tradition. It's not clear if Stanford is a member of this fraternity or not.

Wednesday, October 22, 1919

Cloudy mild fall day. To college. To college 7:45 to 9 and 11 to 12 A.M. Fooled around. Up to U.C.C.A. Read etc. Home. To Glenville Center to last of Evangelistic services. Mr. Ramsey along with his car. To bed 10:30 P.M.

**********
I haven't been able to discover what UCCA stands for. It's probably Stanford's abbreviation for something, but nothing comes to mind.

I don't know who Mr. Ramsey is, but they take him with them to church sometimes, apparently. I've found a George Ramsey who lives in Schenectady in 1920 on Nott Street with his wife and two children. He's from Scotland and works as a machinist for the Locomotive Works. I don't know if he's the right Ramsey, but he does live less than a half mile from the Glindmyers, also friends of the Clossons.

Tuesday, October 21, 1919

Cloudy cool fall day with some rain at night. To college 7:45 to 12M. Played & studied. To public library to work on debate. Candled eggs. Bowled with Church League at night 162-157-147. Up to Delta Phi house in P.M. to see Harry Reond.

**********
Delta Phi was one of the first fraternities in the country and at Union College, which is considered to be the "mother of fraternities." This was to be the site of the debate Stanford was apparently involved in; I doubt that Stanford was a member of the fraternity. There is some interesting information about the group at the following website: Delta Phi Fraternity.

Monday, October 20, 1919

Fair fall day but cool. To college 8-9; 11-12; 1:1:30 to 4 P.M. Down town on errands etc. Candled eggs. Studied, played etc. To bed 9 P.M. Thankful for health, strength, education, opportunities etc.

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Stanford must have been tired to go to bed so early!

Sunday, October 19, 1919

Fair fall day. Some cloudy. To church and Sunday School with Wilber Hayes. Out walking in P.M. with Norris, Hayes, Finch and H.H. Home for lunch. To Epworth League. Fine meeting. Good attendance. To Baptist Church with Doris Smith. To bed 11:30 P.M.

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Looked again for Norris, but without a first name, I'm not having much luck identifying him.

Saturday, October 18, 1919

Beautiful bright ideal fall day. To college 9 to 11 A.M. Chored around. To Albany to Epworth League district convention with auto. Merlin Finch, Dorothea Reynolds, Hanford Closson, Dorothy Gallup, Me and Doris Smith, Ruth, Wilber Hayes went. Out to Buekendaal, Rotterdam etc. Good conference. To bed 12 bells. Thankful.

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Beukendaal, NY is a hamlet within the Schenectady area.  It's northwest of Schenectady, on the way to Glenville on Sacandaga Road. Left is a map that shows the Volunteer Fire Department for Beukendaal; the village center was at the spot marked with an "A" on the map.

Beukendaal was the site of a famous battle in 1748 between the settlers and the French and Indians. It is considered to be the only battle of King George's War, according to an interesting article detailing the event at the Schenectady History website, Schenectady Digital History Archive.

Friday, October 17, 1919

Beautiful bright fall day. To college 8 to 12 M. Home. Greased and cleaned up auto. Chored around. Studied etc. Bowled with Church League at night. 176-136-166. Hayes along with us. To bed 11 P.M.

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The Church League included bowling teams from local churches. Below is a Schenectady newspaper ad reporting the line up for Friday, April 4, 1919. I wonder which team Stanford bowled with?