Janus, the God of Doorways

Janus, God of Doorways
Looking forward, Looking back.  That is a new year's tradition. And so it will be for this blog. Stanford has arrived at the end of 1919, but because I started this blog in May, I am now going back to January 1919 to complete the diary for this year.

But for those of you who are wondering how Stanford will fare in 1920, I've created a new blog, Date Book 1920, where we will go forward, looking over Stanford Closson's shoulder as he continues to describe for us his daily life in early twentieth-century Schenectady, New York.

Join me there! 

Wednesday, December 31, 1919

Bright cool day. Up 7:30 A.M. Fooled around. Helped father etc. Candled eggs in A.M. and P.M. Down town on errands. Down to Y and bowled with H. H. and Dot Gallup. Up to church to social. Fine time. Up in steeple etc. Gang over to our house. Fooled around. Home with Doris. To bed 2:30 A.M.

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I guess there was a tradition to go up in the steeple to celebrate the new year. Makes sense, I guess. It sounds like Stanford's "gang" had a good time for New Year's Eve.

Tuesday, December 30, 1919

Overcast cool day. Up 10 A.M. Chored around. Played piano etc. Down town in P.M. on errands. Helped father clean cellar etc. To Palace Theatre at 7 P.M. with Doris Smith. Good picture and fine time. To bed 10:30 P.M. ><

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Too bad Stanford didn't say what movie they saw. It must have been a good one since he got a kiss out of it!

The Palace Theater is no longer standing, but it was apparently very popular in its time. Below is an article, published February 1, 1919 about how the number of seats were to be expanded that year:


The theater's popularity prompted the owners to add seats, the article goes on to say. Max Spiegel, the owner of The Palace, was an important Broadway director and producer early in the twentieth century. (He had a burlesque show in 1910 in which the comedian Fanny Brice appeared at the age of 19.) Below is a listing for Mr. Spiegel that was published in the 1918 edition of Directory of Directors in the City of New York. Notice that he is shown to be the President and Director of the Schenectady Palace Theatre Corporation.


Monday, December 29, 1919

Beautiful bright cold day. Up 9 A.M. Helped father off. Candled eggs 25 cases. Played piano etc. Skating in P.M. at Central Park with H.H. Fine time. Some progress. Bowled at Y.M.C.A. with Doris Smith, Lew Larkin, and Gertrude Anthony. Fine time. To bed 11:45 P.M. S.S.C. 157-160-126. D.W.S. 44-85-103.

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Again with the score comparisons! Poor Doris. Although perhaps like many a young woman of her time, she made sure she didn't beat her young man at any athletic contest. No way to know for sure.

I wonder where Stillman was "off" to?

I guess Stanford was still not very skilled at ice skating with his new shoe skates--at least that's what it seems like from his comment about "progress." Here is a 1922 photo of ice skating on Central Park pond:
The above picture was published in the book, Images of America: Schenectady. I guess the park had only been open for about a year when Stanford and Hanford were enjoying it.

Sunday, December 28, 1919

Beautiful bright cool day. Up 9 A.M. Chored around. Down to Hayes' room and studied S.S. lesson. To Church & S.S. Walked to car with D.W.S. Home to dinner. Out walking with Hayes. Took nap. To Epworth League. Home with Doris. To bed 10:30 P.M.

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Lest anyone think that Sunday School lessons were a haphazard or ad hoc affair left up to individual church congregations, I found this information on the internet that attests to the careful calculation that went into creating Sunday School lessons:
The General Conference of 1912 made it the duty of the Board of Sunday Schools to determine the curriculum for Methodist Sunday schools. In harmony with that action the Board created a "Standing Committee on Lesson Courses." The publishing agents, representatives of the Editorial Office, the chairman of the Lesson Course Committee and the corresponding secretary of the Board met on November 20, 1913, to consider lesson courses. They passed the following resolution:
In view of the fact that the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church has made it the duty of the Board of Sunday Schools to determine the lesson courses for our denomination, and since that Board is engaged in the preparation of such courses, it is the sense of the representatives that at the conclusion of the preparation of the present cycle of uniform lessons (1912-1917) the Methodist Church should assume full responsibility for the preparation of lesson courses to be used in its Sunday Schools. 
Concerning the future policy of our denomination, we express the desire and purpose to cooperate, so far as practicable, with all evangelical denominational agencies engaged in the preparation of lesson courses to the end that a curriculum may be created that will fully meet the demand for lessons in harmony with the progress being made in the field of religious education, especially as illustrated in the spirit of interdenominational cooperation expressed in the organization of the Sunday School Council of Evangelical Denominations, the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, and other representative movements.
These passages were taken from a website called Forgotten Books. The book is The History of the Sunday School Movement in the Methodist Episcopal Church, by Addie Grace Wardle, published in 1918. But such educational oversight continues today, as you can see at the official website for the Methodist Church's General Board of Discipleship.

Saturday, December 27, 1919

Bright cool day. Up 9 A.M. Helped father. Played piano etc. Over to church at 2:30 P.M. to practice for tableaux. Bowled at Y with some of gang. To Christmas entertainment at 7:30. Helped clean up. Fooled around. To bed 12 P.M.

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I'm not familiar with the term tableau, so I looked it up; it seems to refer to a Christmas play that consists mostly of people acting out the readings from the Bible about Christmas. There are many examples of such entertainments on YouTube. I recommend checking them out just to see what some churches are doing.

Friday, December 26, 1919

Nice winter's day. Up 8:30 A.M. Fooled around. Candled eggs. Went skating in P.M. with H.H. for first time with shoe skates obtained Christmas. Home 6 P.M. Bowled at Morse with H.H. and Finch. To church to rehearsal of Tableaus.  Talked at Church till 11:30. To bed 12 P.M.

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First shoe skates! It must have been fun for Stanford. Here is a 1919 ad for hosiery that pictures a young man and woman about to go skating:

The item is for sale on E-Bay.

Thursday, December 25, 1919

Up 5:50 A.M. To Christmas service at 6:30 A.M. Walked home with Doris Smith. Beautiful cold ideal Christmas day. Had presents. Walked around. Bowled at Morse. To Gertrude Anthony's to ride down hill. Fine time. To bed 12:15 P.M.

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So, Stanford went sledding with Gertrude Anthony! But he doesn't say he went with her specifically, only that he went to her house.  Hmmm . . .

Wednesday, December 24, 1919

Cloudy mild day with some snow. Up 8 A.M. Fooled around. Wrote in Diary. Helped father etc. Down town on business. Candled eggs. Took bath. To Palace in evening with Doris Smith. Good picture. To bed 10:00 P.M.

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I'm not sure where the Palace was, but it was undoubtedly a movie theater. Wish Stanford had told us what movie he watched!

Tuesday, December 23, 1919

Mild nasty day. To College 9 to 12:15 M. Candled eggs and fooled around. Down town on Christmas Shopping. Wrote post cards etc. Down to Post Office with mail. To bed 10 P.M. Thankful for friends, health, opportunities etc.

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I wonder if Stanford was sending Christmas post cards? That's something people don't do much anymore--now we send actual cards in envelopes. Here is a picture of a Christmas postcard that was sent in 1919:
Bluebird of Happiness Postcard from 1919 - for sale on Etsy last year

Monday, December 22, 1919

Mild pleasant bright day. To College 8-9, 11-12;30 and 1:30 - 3 P.M. Down town Christmas Shopping. Bowled at star. Over to church at night to help put platform up and rehearsal. To bed 11 P.M.

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Those days they continued the semester past Christmas, I think, so Stanford is still going to class the week of Christmas.  I guess there is to be a Christmas show or pageant of some kind at church that he's preparing for.

Sunday, December 21, 1919

Bright cool winter day. Up 9 A.M. Down to Hayes's room to study S.S. lesson. To S.S. Practised [sic]carol. To Gertrude Anthony's house after pines. Trimmed up room. To Epworth League. Walked around with Chamberlain & Wagner. To bed 9:30 P.M.

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The fellow named Chamberlain makes his first appearance here. Perhaps he showed up earlier in the diary (before May). Without a first name, it will be hard to pin him down.

I'm not sure why Stanford went to Gertrude Anthony's house at 11 Spruce Street to get pines, but it must have been because she had pine trees in her yard. That house no longer stands, and the pines are also long gone. Here is a picture, taken by Google, of what the area looks like these days:
11 Spruce Street, Schenectady

Saturday, December 20, 1919

Bright winter's day but milder. To College 9 to 11 A.M. Stayed to Chapel. Fooled around in P.M. Candled eggs. Took nap etc. To basketball game at night. Union-Colgate. Score 17-26. Watched dancing for a while. Down town. Fooled around. Watched Bowling. To bed 11 P.M.

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Well, let's face it--Union College was no sports powerhouse. I wonder what dancing Stanford refers to here? Did it have something to do with the basketball game?

I guess Stanford mis-remembered having gone to chapel that day and crossed it out once he thought about it.

Friday, December 19, 1919

Nice bright cold winter day. 12 degrees below zero. To college 8-9 and 1:30 to 2:30 P.M. Down town for Christmas shopping etc. Bowled with Church League at night 151-144-144. Folks to Uncle Henry's. To Owens room. To bed 1:45 A.M.

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I believe this is the first mention of Owens, so I don't know who he is. But it seems that Stanford had a very full day!

Thursday, December 18, 1919

Very cold bright winter day. 12 degrees below zero in A.M. To College 8 to 12:30 M. Down town in P.M. Bowled at Y. Did Christmas shopping. To Van Curler at night with Doris Smith. "The Lost Battalion." To bed 11 P.M.

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The film Stanford and Doris watched, The Lost Battalion, is the original of the 2001 remake of the same name starring Rick Schroder, but in the original, some of the actual soldiers of the lost battalion played themselves. Here is some information about it from Turner Classic Movies website:
Brief Synopsis
The men in the 308th Regiment's 77th Division, have been drafted from diverse ethnic, economic, and social groups in New York. Two men are fighting Chinatown tongs, one is a burglar, another is a wealthy merchant's son in love with his father's stenographer, who dreams of becoming the greatest movie actress, another is a private in love with the merchant's ward, and finally there is "the Kicker," who finds fault with everything. After training in Yaphank and in France, the 463 men advance under the command of Lt. Col. Charles W. Whittlesey into the "Pocket" of the Argonne Forest, to help break down the supposedly impregnable German defense. Cut off from Allied troops and supplies, and surrounded by the enemy, the Division, nicknamed "The Lost Battalion," withstands six days without food or water. When the German commander asks for their surrender, Whittlesey replies, "Tell them to go to hell!" The Chinese rivals fight bravely side-by-side, while the burglar dies heroically. After their rescue, the survivors are given a parade in New York, and are reunited with their families and sweethearts.
I wonder if Stanford and Doris enjoyed the movie? He doesn't say.
 

Wednesday, December 17, 1919

Beautiful bright cold day. To College 8-9 and 11-12:30 A.M. Home between classes in A.M. Fooled around. To Library in P.M. To work on debate. To Phi Gamma Delta house in evening to work on debate. Bowled at star in P.M. To bed 11 P.M. THANKFUL FOR HEALTH ETC.

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Another full, productive day for Stanford!

Tuesday, December 16, 1919

Cold bright winter day. To college 9 to 12 M. Candled eggs, studied, played piano etc. Up at Phi Gamma Delta at 8 to 10 P.M. to work on debate. Chewed rag etc. Little snow. To bed 10:30 P.M.

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Here's a postcard photo of the Phi Gamma Delta house at Union College, sent in 1909:

I wonder why Stanford always had to go to a fraternity house to work on a debate?

Monday, December 15, 1919

Cold bright winter windy day. To college 8 to 12:45 and 1:30 to 3:30 P.M. Down town. Bowled at star. Home. Over to church and thence up to Merris's. Birthday surprise party on him. Fine time. To bed 12:30 A.M.

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Aha! So it was a birthday gift for Mr. Merris! According to his WWI Registration, he turned 31 on 14 December 1919.

Sunday, December 14, 1919

About 5 inches of snow on ground. Fairly mild. Down to Hayes' room to study S.S. lesson. To church and S.S. Up to see Mrs. Rice's body. Up to Russell Norris's home to work on E.L. topic. Lead E.L. Talked afterwards. Walked home with Doris Smith. ><. Talked with Merlin. To bed 11 P.M.

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I have not been able to determine who Mrs. Rice was or why Stanford would visit her body. On a different topic, I wonder if Stanford talked with Merlin about Doris that night?

Saturday, December 13, 1919

Mild winter day with some rain. No snow on ground. To college 9 to 12:15 M. Fooled around. Down street with H.H., Merlin Finch and Russell Norris. Bought present for Merris. Bowled at Y. Union State College B.B. game 41-19. Down town. To bed 11 P.M.

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So, Stanford did some Christmas shopping? Or maybe it was Merris's birthday?

Friday, December 12, 1919

Mild cloudy damp day. To college 8-9, 11-12 and 1:30 to 2:30 P.M. Home between classes in A.M. Candled 25 cases eggs with S.T. and H.H. [Here Stanford drew a four cell square] Bowled with church league at Morse. Took 3 games off of First Baptist. 156-123 and 158.

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If this is the First Baptist Church of Scotia, then the Clossons are well acquainted with it. Here's a little of their history taken from the church's website:

History

Scotia was a typical country hamlet in the early 1830′s when a village blacksmith by the name of John Closson invited a Schenectady Baptist minister to visit his home and preach to a group of villagers who were without a church. Reverend Abram Dunn Gillette complied and on January 19, 1832, wrote in his diary: “A Blacksmith – Clawson – invited me to preach in Scotia, a small village across the Mohawk. I went to Mr. C’s house and preached to about twenty in the rooms and fifty in the door yard.” This really was the start of the founding of our church.

Thursday, December 11, 1919

Windy cool day. Up 7 A.M. To College 9 to 12:30 P.M. Studied etc. played piano etc. To Church at 6 P.M. Veritas class meeting and supper. Good supper and discussion. Chewed rag until 11:15 P.M. Bowled at star. To bed 12:30 P.M.

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Typical day for Stanford.

Wednesday, December 10, 1919

Overcast windy mild day. Some snow at night. To college 8-9 and 11 to 12:30. Home between classes in A.M. Fooled around in P.M. To Albany Theatre at night with Doris Smith. To bed 11 P.M.

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I've been trying to track down the Albany Theatre, but the best I could do was to find a theater in Albany that had started out as a Proctor's theater in 1899 but was eventually called Albany Theater. So I guess Stanford and Doris went to Albany to see a show.

Tuesday, December 9, 1919

Very rainy day. Up 6:15 A.M. Studied. To college 9 to 12:30. Took a nap in P.M. Down street. Home. Out in evening. Watched Church League bowl. To Hayes' room and talked. To bed 10:30 P.M.

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Wilber Hayes was evidently a very good friend of Stanford's. I learned some things about Mr. Hayes. He was born 19 January 1901 and died 24 October 1989 (according to SS Death Index).  In 1920, as I've stated in an earlier post, he was living in a rooming house, which is where Stanford visited him. They met in their church group, as far as I can tell.

By 1930, Wilber was married to Dorothy Ruth Fraser (Frazer), from Elizabeth, NJ and they had a daughter Beverly who was born in 1928. They lived at 1050 Garner Ave in Schenectady and Wilber (sometimes spelled Wilbur) was working as an electrical welder at a research lab. By 1940, they were living in Glenville and Wilber was working as a cable splicer for GE. Neither he nor his wife went to high school, according to the 1940 census.

I think it's wonderful the number and variety of friends Stanford had, from all walks of life. He was no snob, that's for sure.

Monday, December 8, 1919

Overcast very mild day. To college 8-9; 11-12 and 1:30 to 4 P.M. Home between 9-11 A.M. Chored around. Down town in P.M. Bowled at Morse Alleys. To football smoker in evening at Hannah Hall. Good time. To bed 11 P.M.

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Hannah Hall, located in Washburn Hall, was where theatrical productions were staged for many years. Here is an excerpt from the Union College Magazine about Hannah Hall and the theatrical group, the Mountebanks:
The Mountebanks performed in Hanna Hall for a number of years, and students took play production classes through the English Department. When Washburn Hall was slated for demolition in the early 1960s to make room for expansion of Schaffer Library, the theater moved to the now-vacated Nott Memorial, and a new era of theater began at Union.

Sunday, December 7, 1919

Some snow on ground. Wet under foot. Mild weather. Up 9 A.M. To Hayes' room. To church and S.S. Studied and took nap in P.M. To Epworth League. Walked home with D.W.S.  ><  Chewed rag with Finch. To bed 11:30 P.M.

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The two marks (><) made in the journal I think mean kiss. Doris must have consented to give him a kiss. Interesting. The symbol almost looks like an X.

Doris was born December 15, 1903 in Fall River, Massachusetts. Her father, James, was a school janitor, originally from England. Her mother was Clara Crankshaw.

If this is the right Doris, then she married an electrical engineer by the name of Leland F. Stone in October of 1923 in Schenectady. In 1920, he was still living in Massachusetts with his parents, George and Mary. George was a bank treasurer at the time.

By 1930, Doris and Leland were living in Clarkstown, NY and had two children, David and Jean. Leland was working as an electrical engineer for General Electric. Their property was worth $10,000. Doris did well for herself!

Interestingly, in 1940 Doris is listed as being a farmer, working her own farm, while her husband is still an electrical engineer for GE. Doris also has another child by this time, Jerold.

I tried in vain to find a picture of Doris, but I haven't given up yet.

Saturday, December 6, 1919

Cool fall day. Some snow in P.M. To college 10-11 A.M. Studied for exam. Condition exam in 3rd term English at 2 P.M. Down street. Down to Y with D.W.S. to bowl. All alleys full. Fooled around. To bed 11 P.M.

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So, he didn't bowl with Doris because the alleys were full. Then, he says, he (or perhaps they) "fooled around." I'm starting to get suspicious of this activity . . .

Friday, December 5, 1919

Nice day. Up 7 A.M. To College 8-9; 11-12; and 1:20 to 2:30. Home between classes in A.M. Studied and chored around. Candled eggs. To Star Alleys to bowl with Church League. Scores: [blank] Lost two games. Home 10:30. To bed 11 P.M.

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Couldn't remember the scores of the games of bowling, just that they lost two. Oh, well.

Thursday, December 4, 1919

Fair cool day. To College 9-12:30 M. Studied in P.M. Down street. Bowled at Star [drawing of star]. To Kappa Sigma Pi meeting in evening. To Star Alleys to watch bowling. Shot pool. Up after Ruth. To bed 11 P.M. Thankful.

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This is the first mention I've seen of Stanford's playing pool. He doesn't say where it was--perhaps at the Star Alleys--but in looking up pool halls in 1919 I came across a story of a billiards champion by the name of Frank Taberski, who was born in Amsterdam, NY and became a local legend by age 16. Here is an excerpt from an article about him by R. A. Dyer in the online magazine, Billiards Digest:
So first let's dispense with the background. Taberski, who was born on March 15, 1889, exhibited very early in his life a seriousness of purpose beyond that of most other boys. He began shooting pool at age 13 in his hometown of Amsterdam, New York, and by age 16 was already the Central New York champion. Taberski also drove a milk cart during these early years, and then built upon that 3 a.m. -to-noon job to create his own grocery business. At age 22 Taberski sold his business for $10,000, a princely sum, and invested in poolrooms. By 1916 he owned three of them.
Frank Taberski at work
As Mr. Dyer states,

From September of 1916 until January of 1918 [Taberski] was unbeatable. Taberski won the national championship during his first year as a professional - an unprecedented feat - and then emerged victorious in nine successive challenge matches. But he was undone by his own slowness. Fed up with Taberski's style of play, tournament promoters in 1918 began enforcing time limits. By speeding up the game, they slowed Taberski's rush to greatness - and ushered in the era of Greenleaf.
Apparently, one of the pool halls Frank built was in Schenectady. According to the Schenectady Historical Society's Grems-Doolittle Library Collection blog,
In the late 1920s, he opened his own bowling alley and pool hall at the intersection of Broadway and State Street in Schenectady. The building stood for forty years before burning down in the 1960s. Frank married a woman from Poland named Loretta, and together they had three sons. Taberski died on October 23, 1941 at the age of fifty-two.
In 1920, Frank Taberski lived at 25 Bridge Street and is listed in the 1920 census as being a Merchant at a Pool Place. He was married by then to Loretta; they had two sons, Frank Jr. and Harold.

Wednesday, December 3, 1919

Cool clear winter's day. Up 7 A.M. To College 8-9 A.M. Helped thaw out auto. Chored around. To College 11:12:15 M. Down street bought suits at Donahues. $45 for $40.60. Candled eggs. To Albany Theatre with D.W.S.

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Apparently, in 1919 cars didn't fare as well in winter as they do today. There was a lot more work involved in keeping cars from freezing in the cold months. I ran across an article in a 1919 publication, American Garage and Auto Dealer, entitled "Timely Cold Weather Precautions," which gives tips to the Garage owner on how to keep a car running in the winter.  People didn't use their cars in the winter very much back then, something which the writer hopes will change. Here is an excerpt from the article:

One of the topics in the article is how to effectively thaw out the radiator. It's not clear which parts of the auto Stanford had to help thaw, but the radiator could have been one of them.

Tuesday, December 2, 1919

Pleasant cold winter day. To College 9-12 M. Chored around etc. Candled eggs. To Classical Club meeting at night at Dr. Kellogg's home 8:30 to 10:30 P.M. Freedman spoke on "Greek Women." To bed 11 P.M.

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Dr. Kellogg was George Dwight Kellogg, a professor of classics at Union who was first hired there in 1911.

Below is a biography of Dr. Kellogg from the Biographical Dictionary of North American Classicists, published in 1994:

I also ran across the obituary for his son, George Dwight Kellogg Jr., taken from the New York Times. Junior was also a teacher.




Monday, December 1, 1919

Bright cool fall day. Up 7 A.M. To College 8-9; 11:12 A.M. Chem Lab 1:30 to 3:30 P.M. Downstreet. Bowled at star alleys. To Public Library. Watched bowling at Morse Alleys. To bed 10 P.M. Thankful.

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Here is a photo of a Chemistry Lab at Oregon State University in 1911-1912. I took it from the OSU website: Library Special Collections.

Sunday, November 30, 1919

Beautiful bright fall day. Quite windy. Down to Hayes' room. Out walking. To Church and S.S. Out walking in P.M. Bunch of us up Finch's house for supper. To E.L. & Church. With Doris Smith. To bed 11:30 P.M.

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Finch's house was at 414 Mumford Street in Schenectady, a single family home that was right next to a school, Washington Irving School. It was built in 1908 as Mumford Street School, was renamed Washington Irving School in 1911, and in 1922 was expanded. During all this time the population of Schenectady increased (100% between 1900 and 1910), due in part to increased immigration, and with the newcomers came school children and the need for ever larger schools. The school is in the upper right portion of the first photo. The third photo shows the school's central portion and probably the original building.

414 Mumford Street and its neighbors, 412 and 410 are now part of that school's parking lot, but the houses across the street still stand. Below is a picture of Finch's neighborhood the way it looks now. On the right is the parking lot where 414 Mumford Street stood; on the left are houses which were built by 1920. At the time, 411 & 413 Mumford Street were multiple family houses and still are, according to Zillow.
Merlin Finch's Neighborhood

411 (left) and 413 Mumford Street


Washington Irving School